Catharsis in the Light of Indian Aesthetics

Abstract

This study explores the concept of catharsis within the framework of Indian aesthetics, particularly through the Nāṭyaśāstra, an ancient Sanskrit text on performing arts attributed to Bharata. While Aristotle's idea of catharsis primarily concerns the purging of emotions, such as pity and fear, through tragedy, Indian aesthetics presents a more holistic and transformative interpretation. The Nāṭyaśāstra introduces the concept of rasa, meaning "essence" or "taste", which serves as the foundation of Indian aesthetic experience. Unlike Aristotle’s catharsis, which is predominantly psychological and emotional, the rasa theory encompasses both emotional purification and spiritual elevation. In Indian aesthetics, the artistic experience is not merely a release of pent-up emotions but a means of achieving self-awareness and transcendence. The interplay of bhāvas (emotions) and rasas in dramatic performances enables the audience to engage in aesthetic contemplation, leading to an inner transformation. Through a comparative analysis, this study aims to highlight the fundamental differences and similarities between Western and Indian interpretations of catharsis. It further examines how the Nāṭyaśāstra’s aesthetic principles offer a richer, multidimensional understanding of emotional expression, making art not just a reflection of reality but a path to liberation and self-discovery.