Resolution of Ellipses in WH-constructions in Pashto Language

Authors

  • Kamal Din Kamal Assistant Professor, Department of Pashto, Education Faculty, Paktia University, AFGHANISTAN.
  • Sultan Mohammad Hanafi Assistant Professor, Department of Pashto, Education Faculty, Paktia University, AFGHANISTAN.
  • Mohammad Daud Mangal Assistant Professor, Department of Pashto, Education Faculty, Paktia University, AFGHANISTAN.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55544/ijrah.5.4.7

Keywords:

Wh-question in Pashto, Wh-question in English

Abstract

The Pashto language has a question structure consisting of a WH-word and an answer to the question, this is called WH-structure. The resolution of ellipsis occurs in most cases in both written and spoken language in its WH construction. In this term paper, I would like to talk more about the first structure-based rule in Pashto language in the WH construction. The algorithm resolves the ellipsis occurring in the answers to the WH questions by using the syntactic and morphological information of the two questions and their correspondence with the answer. The algorithm determines exactly the ellipses that occur in the answers to the questions that contain WH words. For example: (( څوکWho-Dir), ( چاWho-Obl), ( څهWhat), کوم(Which), ( چرتهWhere) and ( څومرهHow much))) between them. The algorithm was tested on various real texts in the Pashto language, taken from numerous genres such as books, novels, newspapers and online magazines. The algorithm achieved an accuracy of 76 percent.

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References

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Published

2025-07-17

How to Cite

Kamal, K. D., Hanafi, S. M., & Mangal, M. D. (2025). Resolution of Ellipses in WH-constructions in Pashto Language. Integrated Journal for Research in Arts and Humanities, 5(4), 44–50. https://doi.org/10.55544/ijrah.5.4.7

Issue

Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): July Issue

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Kamal Din Kamal, Sultan Mohammad Hanafi, Mohammad Daud Mangal

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.