A Comparative Analysis of Pashto Ghazals and English Sonnets in 17th Century

Abstract

This study conducts a comparative analysis of Pashto ghazals and English sonnets in 17^th century  to explore their unique structures, themes, and cultural significance. Utilizing descriptive and comparative methods, the study examines how these distinct poetic traditions address universal themes such as love, mortality, and spirituality while reflecting their respective cultural and historical backgrounds. English sonnets, particularly from the Renaissance period, are known for their strict structure, addressing themes of love, beauty, and the transient nature of life. Pashto ghazals, rooted in the oral traditions of Afghanistan and Pakistan, are structurally flexible and often imbued with Sufi mysticism, emphasizing spiritual transcendence and divine love. By analyzing examples from poets such as Shakespeare and Khushal Khan Khattak, the study highlights how both poetic forms serve as powerful expressions of human emotions despite cultural and linguistic differences. The findings suggest that while English sonnets emphasize aesthetic refinement and structured form, Pashto ghazals prioritize spiritual depth and oral lyrical traditions. This research contributes to comparative literary studies by shedding light on the underexplored tradition of Pashto ghazals.